Bromantan- list of products, FAQ and detailed description of the substance

Bromantane, commercially available as Ladasten, is an adamantane derivative used for various health benefits. It offers significant health benefits, such as improving physical performance, increasing stamina and mental acuity, combats fatigue and anxiety, and increases tolerance to stress factors such as extreme heat, and can also speed recovery from intense physical activities [1]. Scientific studies have reported that Bromantan stimulates both mind and body, without the risk of addiction or nervous side effects typical of many stimulants [1].

History of Bromantan

Bromantane, also known as adamantylbromophenylamine, bromantane or N-(2-adamantyl)-N-(4-bromophenyl)-amine, belongs to a class of substances known as Actoprojectors, which help the body better cope with physical stress without consuming more oxygen or generating additional heat. You can think of it as a super adaptogen that significantly increases physical and mental performance. Bromantan, also known by the trade name Ladasten, is primarily used to help people struggling with fatigue and stress-related conditions. Although it has been banned in sports since 1997 due to anti-doping regulations, it has found a valuable place in health care, particularly in the treatment of asthenic conditions. Manufactured in Russia, Ladasten stands out not only for its efficacy, but also for its safety, offering a promising solution for those in need of physical and mental endurance support [1, 2].

Bromantan action against depression and anxiety

Based on human and animal studies, Bromantan has shown positive effects on both anxiety and depression, making it a significant option for managing mental health. Unlike many traditional medications, Bromantan has the unique ability to increase physical activity while reducing feelings of anxiety, which is particularly beneficial for people suffering from depression and anxiety, as these conditions often lead to decreased motivation and increased stress. During the study, Bromantan outperformed some standard antidepressants by reducing inflammatory markers associated with depression, such as TNF-α and IL-6, thereby preventing depressive behavior [3, 4]. This suggests that Bromantan may play a significant role in treating depression by targeting inflammation, a known factor in this disease. In addition, Bromantan increases spontaneous movement and reduces anxiety in animal tests, indicating its potential to combat depression-related lethargy and effectively reduce anxiety. Compared to imipramine, a common antidepressant, it quickly reversed depressive states in stress-induced models, indicating its rapid response to depressive symptoms [3, 4].

In another study, Bromantan was tested on individuals suffering from neurasthenia, a condition marked by chronic fatigue and stress-related weakness [5]. The goal of this study was to rigorously evaluate the efficacy and safety of Bromantan as an anti-anxiety medication, specifically highlighting its ability to manage anxiety without leading to dependence or withdrawal symptoms. Patients reported significant reductions in anxiety and asthenia symptoms with Bromantan compared to placebo, indicating its dual functionality as a psychostimulant and anti-anxiety drug [5]. This indicates that Bromantan effectively reduces anxiety symptoms, improving the patient's overall well-being without the risk of addiction. Interestingly, its use did not lead to withdrawal syndromes, underscoring its non-narcotic nature [5].

In addition, an animal study reported that Bromantan showed anti-anxiety effects in BALB/c mice, known for their high anxiety response, without over-stimulating free locomotor activity. This suggests that Bromantan specifically targets anxiety symptoms, offering a new pathway for treating anxiety symptoms by increasing energy levels and reducing anxiety without the typical drawbacks of traditional treatments [6]. In another animal study, a 50 mg/kg dose of Bromantan significantly increased levels of dopamine, a neurotransmitter crucial to mood regulation and cognitive function [7]. This suggests that Bromantan not only enhances the brain's natural mechanism for producing dopamine, but also offers insight into how Bromantan may alleviate symptoms of depression and anxiety by modulating dopaminergic activity.

In a pilot clinical trial, Bromantan was administered to patients with psychogenic asthenia disorder, marked by chronic fatigue and mental stress. Results showed that it improved physical and mental energy and significantly reduced anxiety levels among patients [8]. This dual action distinguishes Bromantan from traditional psychostimulants, offering a therapeutic advantage by addressing both the lack of motivation often seen in depression and the anxiety that can accompany or exacerbate depressive states. Bromantan's ability to improve overall psychological well-being while reducing symptoms of anxiety and depression suggests that it is a promising candidate in mental health settings.

Further, in a study in C57BL/6 male mice modeling anxiety depression induced by zoosocial stress, administration of Bromantan (30 mg/kg) significantly reduced depression-related symptoms [9]. Importantly, it reduced levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as IL-6, IL-17 and IL-4, which are associated with depression, and reversed behavioral changes associated with depression and anxiety, as observed by the elevated cross maze test. These improvements were evident both after a single administration following short-term stress and after a five-day regimen following prolonged exposure to stress, underscoring Bromantan's potential as a powerful adjunctive therapy for depressive disorders.

Importantly, in a large human study conducted at 28 clinical centers in Russia involving 728 patients with psychoautonomic syndrome, a condition marked by asthenic disorder, Bromantan showed significant therapeutic efficacy [10]. Patients receiving doses of Bromantan in the range of 50 to 100 mg daily for 28 days reported a pronounced anti-asthenic effect as early as the third day of treatment, which significantly persisted for a month after stopping therapy. The drug effectively alleviated symptoms on the anxiety-depression spectrum, improved autonomic function, increased sleep quality and generally improved patients' quality of life. With only 3% participants experiencing mild side effects and a low discontinuation rate, Bromantan's safety profile was extremely positive, with no reports of serious side effects.

Additionally, according to clinical and EEG studies in patients with anxiety-asthenia disorders, Bromantan works differently depending on the person's brainwave patterns [11]. For people with strong alpha waves, which are associated with being relaxed but alert, Bromantan acts as a stimulant. This means it can make people feel more awake and improve their mood. On the other hand, people with weak alpha waves, which may indicate that they are more prone to anxiety, experience the calming effect of Bromantan, similar to anxiety-reducing drugs. This calming effect is shown by changes in their brain waves, indicating reduced anxiety. Essentially, the way Bromantan works may depend on unique brainwave patterns, making it an optimized approach to helping with anxiety and feelings of excessive fatigue.

A study on Bromantan showed promising results in combating mental exhaustion without any harmful side effects, even with a single dose of 100 mg [12]. This finding suggests that Bromantan (Ladasten) is a safe way to deal with mental exhaustion, making it particularly useful for people who easily feel overwhelmed by stress. Importantly, the study found that it works better in people who are more sensitive to stress, indicating its effectiveness in increasing mental acuity and the ability to cope with stress. This means that Bromantan can be a significant aid in treating stress-related fatigue, and can even improve focus and mood in both work and daily life for those who find it difficult to cope with stress.

Bromantan's role in improving mood and dopamine

Bromantan plays a significant role in improving mood and cognitive function by interacting with the dopamine system in the brain. In the study, administration of Bromantan to rats at a dose of 50 mg/kg significantly improved dopamine in brain regions. In addition, it increased levels of serotonin and its metabolite in the brain's prefrontal cortex and other areas, suggesting that it may improve mood and enhance cognitive abilities [13]. In addition, Bromantan's unique effect on dopamine synthesis underscores its potential for brain health benefits. Studies in rats have shown that Bromantan increases the activity of enzymes necessary for dopamine production, indicating its ability to positively enhance both brain function and mood [14].

Importantly, in an animal study, administration of Bromantan to rats at a dose of 50 mg/kg significantly increased dopamine concentration [7]. Shortly after intake, Bromantan causes an increase in dopamine release, along with an increase in L-DOPA, which is required for dopamine production. This suggests that Bromantan helps activate genes involved in dopamine production. Specifically, it encourages the production of certain enzymes, tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) and DOPA-decarboxylase (DDC), which are key in the process of making dopamine. This effect of Bromantan essentially helps trigger the body's natural production of dopamine [7, 14].

In a study examining the effects of Bromantan on the brain, researchers found that it has a special way of increasing dopamine. Unlike another drug, afobazole, which mainly acts on serotonin and prevents the breakdown of dopamine, Bromantan focuses on increasing dopamine production. It does this by raising levels of L-DOPA, which is needed for dopamine production, in various parts of the brain. This suggests that Bromantan helps activate the process of making dopamine. In addition, Bromantan changes the way dopamine is metabolized (metabolism) in certain areas of the brain, which may be beneficial for people with disorders associated with dopamine dysregulation, such as mood disorders and certain movement disorders [15]. In addition, another study found that Bromantan has the unique ability to increase dopamine synthesis and release in one part of the brain without interfering with serotonin levels. It could also slow the reabsorption of dopamine into brain cells, potentially increasing its availability, but did not have the same effect on serotonin. This indicates that Bromantan is particularly good at improving dopamine-related functions without interfering with serotonin, making it a good choice for treating problems related to dopamine imbalance [16].

Bromantan side effects and withdrawal syndrome

Bromantan differs from other dopamine stimulants primarily in the absence of typical side effects, such as a significant drop in dopamine levels or withdrawal symptoms after treatment. Unlike typical stimulants, which can lead to addiction or a reduction in natural dopamine production after withdrawal, Bromantan has shown to retain its benefits without causing these negative effects. Studies [1] [5, 6] [10] highlight its unique dual action as a psychostimulant and anti-anxiety drug, effectively managing states without leading to dependence or withdrawal symptoms. This unique safety profile is underscored by the absence of "withdrawal syndrome" [5] [6], suggesting that Bromantan supports brain function in a way that does not interfere with the body's natural dopamine regulatory mechanisms. This suggests that Bromantan can increase dopamine levels in a way that supports the brain's natural functions without leading to addiction or a significant drop in mood and motivation after treatment ends. Consequently, patients can discontinue Bromantan without the risk of experiencing the decline often seen with other psychotropic drugs, making it a safer, more sustainable option for the long-term management of various conditions. People taking bromantan usually respond very well and there are no side effects. Very rarely, however, there are side effects in the form of headache, dizziness, dullness. These effects pass as soon as the drug is discontinued.

Bromantan dosage

In human studies, particularly those involving patients with conditions such as neurasthenia, characterized by chronic fatigue and weakness often associated with stress, Bromantan was administered at a daily dose of 50 to 100 mg for a period of 28 days. This dosage showed significant therapeutic benefits, with patients experiencing a marked improvement in their condition as early as the third day of treatment, and these benefits persisted for one month after the end of therapy [10, 12].

Bromantan overdose

As for bromantane overdose, this can lead to a variety of effects, as shown in a study in which rats were given different doses of the drug [17]. At manageable doses (30-300 mg/kg), bromantane acted as a stimulant, increasing the activity levels of the rats and making them less sensitive to pain. However, when the doses were much higher (600-9,600 mg/kg), the opposite happened: the rats became less active, their spontaneous movements decreased, and although they were less sensitive to pain, their sensitivity to touch and response to other stimuli increased.

An interesting physical reaction to all doses was pupil dilation, and at extremely high doses (above 10 g/kg) the rats' eyelids began to droop. The very high doses also affected their breathing, making it deeper and faster, similar to a specific pattern known as Kussmaul breathing, and caused some to vomit, have diarrhea and increased urination. There was also a slight decrease in body temperature at almost all doses tested [17].

Summary

Bromantan's dual properties as a psychostimulant and anti-anxiety drug make it effective in treating conditions characterized by chronic fatigue and psychological stress, as observed in studies on patients with neurasthenia. Its ability to significantly reduce symptoms of anxiety and depression, without leading to dependence or withdrawal symptoms, represents a significant advance in treatment options for these conditions. Bromantan's mechanism of action is to increase natural dopamine production in the brain by stimulating the activity of enzymes key to dopamine synthesis, such as tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) and DOPA-decarboxylase (DDC), without directly interacting with dopamine receptors. This subtle yet effective way of increasing dopamine levels leads to improvements in mood and cognitive function without the risk of addiction or withdrawal symptoms, making it a promising option for treating conditions such as depression and anxiety. It stands out for its unique ability to stimulate dopamine in the brain without the typical side effects seen with other dopamine stimulants, such as a drop in dopamine levels after treatment. Unlike traditional stimulants, which can deplete dopamine stores, leading to addiction and withdrawal symptoms, Bromantan offers a different approach. Overall, Bromantan's unique pharmacological properties and its role in dopamine regulation underscore its potential as a beneficial treatment for a wide range of neurological and psychological conditions, without the typical drawbacks associated with traditional dopamine stimulants.

Disclaimer

This article was written for educational purposes and is intended to raise awareness of the substance being discussed. It is important to note that the substance discussed is a substance, not a specific product. The information contained in the text is based on available scientific research and is not intended to serve as medical advice or promote self-medication. The reader should consult any health and treatment decisions with a qualified health professional.

References

1.     Oliynyk, Sergiy, and Seikwan Oh. "The pharmacology of actoprotectors: practical application for improvement of mental and physical performance." Biomolecules & therapeutics 20.5 (2012): 446. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3762282/

2.     Morozov, I. S., Klimova, N. V., Sergeeva, S. A., Ivanova, I. A., Barchukov, V. G., Kovalev, G. I., ... & Avdiunina, N. I. (1999). Adamantane derivatives enhancing body's resistance to emergencies. Vestnik Rossiiskoi Akademii Meditsinskikh Nauk, (3), 28-32. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10222828/

3.     A. V. Tallerova; L. P. Kovalenko; A. D. Durnev; S. B. Seredenin. (2011). Effect of Ladasten on the Content of Cytokine Markers of Inflammation and Behavior of Mice with Experimental Depression-Like Syndrome. , 152(1), 58-60. doi:10.1007/s10517-011-1453-2  https://www.bothonce.com/10.1007/s10517-011-1453-2

4.     Tallerova, A. V.; Kovalenko, L. P.; Kuznetsova, O. S.; Durnev, A. D.; Seredenin, S. B. . (2014). Correcting Effect of Ladasten on Variations in the Subpopulation Composition of T Lymphocytes in C57Bl/6 Mice on the Experimental Model of an Anxious-Depressive State. Bulletin of Experimental Biology and Medicine, 156(3), 335-337. doi:10.1007/s10517-014-2343-1 https://www.bothonce.com/10.1007/s10517-014-2343-1

5.     Neznamov, G. G., Siuniakov, S. A., Teleshova, S. E., Chumakov, D. V., Reutova, M. A., Siuniakov, T. S., ... & Grishin, S. A. (2009). Ladasten, the new drug with psychostimulant and anxiolytic actions in treatment of neurasthenia (results of the comparative clinical study with placebo). Zhurnal Nevrologii i Psikhiatrii Imeni SS Korsakova, 109(5), 20-26. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19491814/

6.     M. N. Levin. (2005). Psychotropic Effects of Sidnocarb and Ladasten in Inbred Mice with Different Reaction to Emotional Stress. , 139(3), 337-339. doi:10.1007/s10517-005-0288-0  https://www.bothonce.com/10.1007/s10517-005-0288-0

7.     Vakhitova, I.uV., Iamidanov, R. S., & Seredinin, S. B. (2004). Ladasten indutsiruet ékspressiiu genov, reguliruiushchikh biosintez dofamina v razlichnykh strukturakh mozga krys [Ladasten induces the expression of genes regulating dopamine biosynthesis in various structures of rat brain]. Eksperimental'naia i klinicheskaia farmakologiia, 67(4), 7-11. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15500036/

8.     Siuniakov, S. A., Grishin, S. A., Teleshova, E. S., Neznamov, G. G., & Seredenin, S. B. (2006). Eksperimental'naia i klinicheskaia farmakologiia, 69(4), 10-15. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16995430/

9.     Tallerova, A. V., Kovalenko, L. P., Durnev, A. D., & Seredenin, S. B. (2011). Effect of antiasthenic drug ladasten on the level of cytokines and behavior in experimental model of anxious depression in C57BL/6 male mice. Eksperimental'naia i Klinicheskaia Farmakologiia., 74(11), 3-5. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22288152/

10.  Voznesenskaia, T. G., Fokina, N. M., & Iakhno, N. N. (2010). Treatment of asthenic disorders in patients with psychoautonomic syndrome: results of a multicenter study on efficacy and safety of ladasthen. Zhurnal nevrologii i psikhiatrii imeni SS Korsakova, 110(5 Pt 1), 17-26. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21322821/

11.  Neznamov, G. G., Bochkarev, V. K., Siuniakov, S. A., & Grishin, S. A. (2008). Characteristics of ladasten effect in neurasthenia patients with various eeg parameters. Eksperimental'naia i Klinicheskaia Farmakologiia., 71(4), 18-25. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18819436/

12.  Bogdan, N. G., Kolotilinskaia, N. V., Iarkova, M. A., Nadorov, S. A., Badyshtov, B. A., & Seredenin, S. B. (2009). Effect of ladasten on the psychophysiological parameters of healthy volunteers. Eksperimental'naia i Klinicheskaia Farmakologiia., 72(3), 3-9. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19642584/

13.  Kudrin, V. S., Sergeeva, S. A., Krasnykh, L. M., Miroshnichenko, I. I., Grekhova, T. V., & Gaĭnetdinov, R. R. (1995). The effect of bromantane on the dopamine-and serotoninergic systems of the rat brain. Eksperimental'naia i klinicheskaia Farmakologiia, 58(4), 8-11. https://europepmc.org/article/med/7580761

14    Mikhaylova, M., Vakhitova, J. V., Yamidanov, R. S., Salimgareeva, M. K., Seredenin, S. B., & Behnisch, T. (2007). The effects of ladasten on dopaminergic neurotransmission and hippocampal synaptic plasticity in rats. Neuropharmacology, 53(5), 601-608. https://www.bothonce.com/10.1016/j.neuropharm.2007.07.001

15.  Davydova, A. I., Klodt, P. M., Kudrin, V. S., Kuznetsova, E. A., & Narkevich, V. B. (2010). Neurochemical study of effects of the new anxiolytic drugs Afobazol and Ladasten on the synthesis and metabolism of monoamines and their metabolites in the brain structures of wistar rat on the model of monoamine synthesis blockade induced by aromatic amino acid decarboxylase inhibitor NSD-1015. Eksperimental'naia i Klinicheskaia Farmakologiia., 73(3), 2-6. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20408420/

16.  Zimin, I. A., Abaimov, D. A., Budygin, E. A., IuA, Z., & Kovalev, G. I. (2010). Role of the brain dopaminergic and serotoninergic systems in psychopharmacological effects of ladasthen and sydnocarb. Eksperimental'naia i Klinicheskaia Farmakologiia., 73(2), 2-5. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20369592/

17.  Iezhitsa, I. N., Spasov, A. A., Bugaeva, L. I., & Morozov, I. S. (2002). Toxic effect of single treatment with bromantane on neurological status of experimental animals. Bulletin of experimental biology and medicine, 133(4), 380-383. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12124651/