How does the brain work in depression?

In recent decades, researchers have focused on studying the neurobiological mechanisms of depression, which has allowed significant advances in our understanding of the condition. Neuroimaging studies, such as functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), have enabled us to shed light on changes in brain activity in people with depression. In addition, the development of neurochemical techniques has allowed us to identify differences in neurotransmitter and hormone levels in depressed patients compared to healthy individuals. How do people with depression feel, think and function? Find out in the article.

What changes in the brain does depression cause?

Research on structural and functional brain changes in people with depression has provided numerous valuable insights into the biological basis of the disorder. One of the most important findings is the link between depression and structural changes in the brain, particularly in areas related to emotion regulation and executive functions.

Magnetic resonance imaging studies have shown that people with depression often show a reduction in brain volume, especially in the hippocampus, a structure key to mood regulation and memory function. This observation suggests that depression may affect neuroplasticity, inflammatory processes or neurodegenerative mechanisms in the brain.

Additionally, fMRI studies have revealed changes in neural activity in patients with depression. Reduced activity is observed in cortical areas responsible for mood regulation, such as the medial prefrontal cortex, and excessive activity in areas related to stress and emotion responses. Furthermore, changes in brain neurochemistry play a key role in depression. Dysregulation of neurotransmitters such as serotonin, norepinephrine and dopamine is well documented in patients with this disorder.

How does depression change thinking?

From a neurobiological point of view, the changes in activity in different areas of the brain that we mentioned earlier can lead to certain patterns of thinking characteristic of depression. For example, reduced activity in the medial prefrontal cortex, responsible for regulating mood, can lead to difficulties in positive thinking and experiencing pleasure. The acetylcholine deficiency characteristic of depression, on the other hand, has an impact on negative memory bias, leading to frequent reverting to the past, dissecting 'what, someone said' and replaying negative situations over and over again. Overactivity in areas related to stress and emotion responses can result in an excessive focus on negative stimuli and exaggeration of threats. In such a case, it is useful to use peptide for stress. These include. selank. Exceptionally appreciated by people who want to keep their cool in stressful situations. It is worth noting that cortisol - a hormone secreted at times of danger - is responsible for the death of neurons from the brain. Excess cortisol will effectively lead to a decrease in the number of nerve cells, leading to depression. By protecting and supporting the nervous system, Selank exhibits a specific antidepressant effect.

In addition, the disease can affect cognitive functions such as attention and concentration.  People with depression often experience difficulty in focusing, which can lead to errors in thinking and mental performance.

The depressed brain: what effect does depression have on memory?

Research indicates that depression can affect various aspects of memory, including episodic memory (associated with personal experiences) and working memory (responsible for processing information for short periods of time). People with depression often show deficits in episodic memory, which can manifest as difficulty recalling details of past or life events.

Working memory can also be impaired in depressed patients, which can lead to difficulties in problem solving, planning and decision-making. These memory deficits may be related to reduced activity of the areas of the brain responsible for processing information and focusing attention.

There is also evidence that depression can affect the way individuals process and interpret information. People with depression may be more likely to focus on the negative aspects of experiences and ignore the positive ones. The phenomenon, known as 'selective negative attention', may affect the way depressed people process and remember information, further perpetuating their emotional state.

How do people with depression perceive reality?

Despite having good eyesight, patients with depression do not necessarily see the world as it really is. Aaron Beck was the first to come to this conclusion. He suggested that, under the influence of an environmental factor, cognitive distortions are able to activate and cast a shadow over the correct processing of information. He called this phenomenon the "triad of negative thinking" - which referred to the fact that a depressed person perceives himself, the world and the coming future in an untrue way. Today, we already know that people with depression downplay the positive aspects of life and even show a frightening response to negative feedback. This means that when performing a series of tasks, when the sufferer makes a mistake, it is very likely that the next tasks will also be performed incorrectly. Increased sensitivity to feedback is responsible for this.

Peptides in depression - does it make sense?

According to Internet user reviews and scientific studies, depression peptides can be effective and reduce the negative effects associated with depressed brain function. In particular, the formulation selank is of interest peptide in depression. It will help to reduce strong tensions, calms and tranquilises and guarantees better sleep. It supports the nervous system and also increases the natural immunity of the human being.

When administered intranasally, the preparation should first be properly prepared by combining the powder and water from the vial included in the package, then the whole thing should be gently mixed and stored properly at low temperatures. A single administration is about 2 puffs for stressful situations, lowered mood or mental decline.